15. Application

application is the root of other objects. You can think it as a game environment. vertex object is an instance of vertex shader; pixel object is an instance of pixel shader; and texture is an instance of texture shader. The mesh object inherits from the application deals with the mesh procecessing. The vbuufer and ibuffer handle the vertex buffer and the index buffer. Finally, the light and material objects work for the lights and materials in the fixed-function shaders.

set app [$app application] creates an application object with the variable name app. You can use $app to call functions for the object. $app create will create a window with default position, size, and title. $app run starts running program in the windows message loop. $app release will release the resource of the application instance. $app version vertex major minor sets the required vertex version with major and minor.

Application commads include:

• $app create this fullscreen
  
• $app create this window maximize
  
• $app create this window size x y width height
  
  creates an application object inside a class with this variable. If the fullscreen parameter is added this command creates a window in fullscreen initially. The window parameter specifies the window as maximize or as the size in the x, y position with width and height.
  
  
• $app release
  
  release application object.
  
  
• $app run
  
  starts to execute application object and enters the message loop.
  
  

Vertex and pixel shader commands include:

• $app vertex
  
  creates a vertex shader with arguments ??
  
  
• $app decl
  
  creates vertex declaration with arguments ??
  
  
• $app version [vertex|pixel] major minor
  
  sets required vertex or pixel shader version
  
  
• $app vconst
  
  sets vertex constant
  
  
• $app vconsti
  
  sets vertex constant to integer
  
  
• $app vconstf
  
  sets vertex constant to integer
  
  
• $app pixel
  
  creates pixel shader with arguments ??
  
  
• $app pconst
  
  sets pixel shader constant ??
  
  
• $app pconsti
  
  sets integer pixel shader constant
  
  
• $app pconstf

Creates texture commands

• $app texture
  
  creates texture with arguments ??
  
  
• $app vset
  
  actives video texture
  
  

• $app mesh
  
  creates mesh with arguments ??
  
  
• $app effect
  
  creates effect with arguments ??
  
  
• $app envmap
  
  creates environment map with arguments ??
  
  
• $app graph

• $app vbuffer
  
  creates vertex buffer
  
  
• $app ibuffer

• $app arcball
  
  creates arcball object
  
  
• $app font name size style
  
  creates a font object with font name, size and style. The style can be enum bold, italic, or zenable.
  
  
• $app dialog file [fname] [initdir] [filter]
  
  returns file path name from a file dialog box. fname is the initial file naem, initdir is the initial directory, and filter is the filter string of the file. The default file name is default.
  The default initial directory is ".". The default filter is "All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0".
  
  
• $app keyboard active mView
  
  initializes keyboard control to the matrix mView.
  
  
• $app keyboard active mView
  

$app getFTU

some video card require D3DPTEXTURECAPS_POW2 capability, that is a texture must have widths and heights specified as powers of two. So the texture addressing over (u, v) should have a new value fTU instead of 1.0.

• $app getFTV

• $app getFrameStats
  
  returns the string of frame stats
  

• $app getElapsedTime
  
  returns elapsed time
  
  
• $app getTickCount
  
  returns tick count number
  
  
• $app getTransform type m
  
  gets transform matrix and stores to m. Type can be view, projection, world, texture0-7.
  
  
• $app setTransform type m
  
  sets transform matrix by m. Type can be view, projection, world, texture0-7.
  
  

• $app setRenderState state value
  
  sets render state. State can be any element of the D3DRENDERSTATETYPE type.
  
  

• $app setSamplerState sampler type value
  

• $app setTextureStageState stage type value

• $app clear flags color z stencil
  
  clears the viewport to a specified color, and/or the depth buffer, and/or the stencil buffer. Flags can be combination of the list {target zbuffer stencil} which indicates what buffer will be erased. z is in the range from 0.0 to 1.0. And stencil is in the range from 0 to 2^n-1, where n is the bit depth of the stencil buffer.
  
  

• $app beginScene
  
  starts scene
  

• $app drawIndexedPrimitive type baseIndex minIndex numVertices startIndex primitiveCount

• $app drawPrimitive type startIndex primitiveCount
  
  renders primitive. StartIndex is the starting location to render the vertices. PrimitiveCount is the number of primitives to render.
  
  
• $app showHelp
  
  returns true if show help key F1 is pressed ok otherwise returns false.
  
  
• $app endScene
  
  ends a scene